What is it?

In rare cases, people have been known to have allergic reactions to proteins in their partner's semen (semen allergy). In medical terms, semen allergy is known as seminal plasma hypersensitivity. Semen allergy isn't a direct cause of infertility. However, using a condom, which is one of the most effective ways to prevent the allergic reaction, also prevents pregnancy.

The condition can be misdiagnosed as vaginitis, yeast infection or an STD. However, one clue for diagnosis is condom use. The woman should not have any symptoms when a condom is used, the allergic reaction should only happen during unprotected sex. An intradermal test, in which a small amount of the parteners semen is injected under the skin, can confirm if there is an allergy.

Sperm allergy complicates metters for couples who wish to conceive, since this usually can't happen through unprotected intercourse. The allergy does not affect the woman's fertility. If your sensitivity to semen is severe, you may still be able to get pregnant through artificial insemination using sperm washed free of semen proteins to prevent a reaction, or through in vitro fertilization.

Symptoms

• Redness
• Burning and swelling where the semen has contacted the skin (usually in the outer genital area).
• Hives
• Itching
• Difficulty breathing.

For some women, the symptoms are localised, but for others, they can affect their whole body. If you experience these signs and symptoms, see your doctor. He or she can help you determine whether you have a semen allergy. Allergy testing may be necessary.

Causes

Seminal plasma hypersensitivity is caused by a reaction to the proteins found in a mans sperm. It may be discovered the first time a woman has sex, but sometimes it happens after a woman has had other sexual partners with no allergic reaction. Also it may occur with one partner but not another, or may happen suddenly with a lifelong partner.

References

http://www.issm.info/education-for-all/sexual-health-qa/what-is-sperm-allergy

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infertility/expert-answers/semen-allergy/faq-20058370